[Tissue arrays: Two simple and economical methods for manual construction.] / Matrices tisulares: presentación de dos métodos sencillos y económicos de elaboración manual.

OBJECTIVES: Tissue array (TA) technologyis widely used as a method for the in situ investigation oftissue markers in cancer studies. A limitation of this techniqueis the high price of tissue arrayers. We describetwo easy and non-expensive manual methods, that haveproduced small and medium format arrays. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 16 TAs were manuallyconstructed from conventional paraffin blocks using twodifferent techniques. For the first method, a 16G Tru-Cutneedle whose bevel edge had been cut, was used tomake the holes in the donor blocks (80 cases) and thereceptor ones (resulting in 2 TAs each one with 55 casesand two with 25 cases). In the second technique, a 4mm-diameter punch for cutaneous biopsies was appliedto the donor blocks (obtaining 210 cylinders from 108blocks) and to the receptor ones (12 TAs). Hematoxylin-eosin, immunohistochemical and in situ hybridizationstains were performed on sections from these TAs. RESULTS: The tissue loss rate in the sections obtainedfrom the TAs constructed with the first method was26.5%, but as two cylinders were included from eachcase, at least one of them was retained. There was notany loss of tissue in the sections from the TAs constructedwith the second method. The results of all of the stainsperformed were successful. CONCLUSIONS: These two manual methods of elaborationof TAs result rather simple and they are economical.The tissue loss rate is significant in the first methodbut it can be compensated embedding more than onecylinder from each donor block. There was not anyproblem in the sectioning of the TAs constructed with thesecond method.

OBJETIVOS: La tecnología de matricestisulares (MTs) se ha implantado como método de trabajohabitual en la investigación de marcadores tisularesrelacionados con el cáncer. Su inconveniente esla necesidad de contar con un dispositivo especial deprecio elevado. Presentamos dos métodos manuales,económicos, que han sido válidos para construir MTsde pequeño y mediano formato.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se han elaborado 16 MTs deforma manual a partir de bloques convencionales deparafina, mediante dos técnicas diferentes. En la primerase utilizó una aguja Tru-Cut 16G a la que se cortó el bisel, para realizar los orificios en los bloques donantes(80 casos) y en los receptores (resultando dos MTs de55 casos y dos de 25 casos). Para la segunda técnicase utilizó un dispositivo "punch" para biopsias cutáneas,de 4 mm de diámetro, que se aplicó a los bloques donantes(obteniendo 210 cilindros de 108 bloques) y alos receptores (12 MTs). En las secciones de las MTs obtenidasse realizaron tinciones de hematoxilina-eosina,inmunohistoquímica (IHQ) e hibridación in situ. RESULTADOS: La tasa de pérdida de material en las seccionesobtenidas con el primer método fue del 26,5%,pero al haberse incluído dos cilindros de cada caso, almenos uno de ellos se conservó. En las MTs obtenidascon el método de punch biopsia no hubo pérdidas detejido. Los resultados de todas las tinciones realizadasfueron óptimos. CONCLUSIONES: Estos dos métodos manuales de elaboraciónde MTs resultan relativamente sencillos y soneconómicos. La tasa de pérdida de tejido es sólo significativaen el primero de los métodos pero se puedecompensar incluyendo varios cilindros de cada bloquedonante. En el segundo método no han existido problemasdestacables en la fase de microtomía.

Matrices tisulares: presentación de dos métodos sencillos y económicos de elaboración manual / Tissue arrays: Two simple and economical methods for manual construction

OBJETIVOS: La tecnología de matrices tisulares (MTs) se ha implantado como método de trabajo habitual en la investigación de marcadores tisulares relacionados con el cáncer. Su inconveniente es la necesidad de contar con un dispositivo especial de precio elevado. Presentamos dos métodos manuales, económicos, que han sido válidos para construir MTs de pequeño y mediano formato. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se han elaborado 16 MTs de forma manual a partir de bloques convencionales de parafina, mediante dos técnicas diferentes. En la primera se utilizó una aguja Tru-Cut 16G a la que se cortó el bisel, para realizar los orificios en los bloques donantes (80 casos) y en los receptores (resultando dos MTs de 55 casos y dos de 25 casos). Para la segunda técnica se utilizó un dispositivo "punch" para biopsias cutáneas, de 4 mm de diámetro, que se aplicó a los bloques donantes (obteniendo 210 cilindros de 108 bloques) y a los receptores (12 MTs). En las secciones de las MTs obtenidas se realizaron tinciones de hematoxilina-eosina, inmunohistoquímica (IHQ) e hibridación in situ. RESULTADOS: La tasa de pérdida de material en las secciones obtenidas con el primer método fue del 26,5%, pero al haberse incluído dos cilindros de cada caso, al menos uno de ellos se conservó. En las MTs obtenidas con el método de punch biopsia no hubo pérdidas de tejido. Los resultados de todas las tinciones realizadas fueron óptimos. CONCLUSIONES: Estos dos métodos manuales de elaboración de MTs resultan relativamente sencillos y son económicos. La tasa de pérdida de tejido es sólo significativa en el primero de los métodos pero se puede compensar incluyendo varios cilindros de cada bloque donante. En el segundo método no han existido problemas destacables en la fase de microtomía

OBJECTIVES: Tissue array (TA) technology is widely used as a method for the in situ investigation of tissue markers in cancer studies. A limitation of this technique is the high price of tissue arrayers. We describe two easy and non-expensive manual methods, that haveproduced small and medium format arrays. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 16 TAs were manually constructed from conventional paraffin blocks using two different techniques. For the first method, a 16G Tru-Cut needle whose bevel edge had been cut, was used to make the holes in the donor blocks (80 cases) and the receptor ones (resulting in 2 TAs each one with 55 cases and two with 25 cases). In the second technique, a 4 mm-diameter punch for cutaneous biopsies was applied to the donor blocks (obtaining 210 cylinders from 108 blocks) and to the receptor ones (12 TAs). Hematoxylin-eosin, immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization stains were performed on sections from these TAs. RESULTS: The tissue loss rate in the sections obtained from the TAs constructed with the first method was 26.5%, but as two cylinders were included from each case, at least one of them was retained. There was not any loss of tissue in the sections from the TAs constructed with the second method. The results of all of the stains performed were successful. CONCLUSIONS: These two manual methods of elaboration of TAs result rather simple and they are economical. The tissue loss rate is significant in the first method but it can be compensated embedding more than one cylinder from each donor block. There was not any problem in the sectioning of the TAs constructed with the second method

Nephrogenic adenoma: an immunohistochemical analysis using biotin-free methods.

Nephrogenic adenoma (NA) has been considered as a metaplastic process of the urothelium. It has been suggested that this lesion is of renal tubular cell origin or differentiation. Immunohistochemical studies of NA emphasize its staining with α-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase (AMACR), and prostatic adenocarcinoma may be a possible differential diagnosis. This reactivity was recently discussed as an artifact due to endogenous biotin. Kidney-specific cadherin (Ksp-cad) is a marker of distal nephron. CD10 and KIT are also expressed in the kidney. We studied the immunohistochemical expression of AMACR, p63, Ksp-cad, CD10, and KIT in 9 cases of NA (forming a total of 12 lesions). Practically all of the lesions stained for AMACR with 2 different antibodies and 2 high-sensitivity (multimer or polymer based) biotin-free methods (83% and 100%). The staining was similar for both methods in 9 of these 12 lesions. All of the NAs were negative for p63 and KIT, except 1 case, with focal reactivity for KIT. CD10 was expressed very focally in 4 of the 12 lesions (33%). We observed weak staining for Ksp-cad in 6 lesions (50%) and 3 (25%) showed a moderate positivity in 15% to 50% of the cells. In conclusion, positivity of NA for AMACR is not an artifact, as we confirmed using 2 different methods. Besides, p63, a basal cell marker, is usually negative. Immunoreactivity for Ksp-cad seems to support the differentiation of NA to distal nephron cells, at least in some of the cases. Other markers expressed by the nephron, such as CD10 and KIT, are usually negative in NA.

Neuropatía mentoniana secundaria a un osteosarcoma osteoblástico / Numb chin syndrome secondary to an osteoblastic osteosarcoma

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Carmen Navarro Fernández-Balbuena. Premio María Josefa Wonenburger Planells 2010 / The María Josefa Wonenburger Planells Prize 2010 is awarded to Carmen Navarro Fernández-Balbuena

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Sporadic oral angiomyolipoma. Case report.

Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a rare, benign tumour composed of a variable proportion of lipocytes, smooth muscle and thick-walled blood vessels. AML is part of a family of tumours arising from perivascular epithelioid cells (PEComas), and many cases are associated with tuberous sclerosis, with the kidney being the most frequent site involved. We report a case of sporadic AML in the hard palate of a 52-year-old male, an extremely unusual location for this tumour. Differentiation from other benign and malignant oral mesenchymal lesions depends on recognition of the three histologic components, and immunohistochemical techniques may be helpful. AML occurring in the head and neck do not express HMB-45, an antibody that identifies immature melanosomes, conversely to the usual immunopositivity shown in AMLs from kidney and liver, suggesting that there are differences among them. A wide surgical excision is considered curative, as this tumour usually behaves in a benign fashion.

Sporadic oral angiomyolipoma. Case report

El angiomiolipoma (AML) es un tumor benigno infrecuente compuesto por una proporción variable de lipocitos, músculo liso y vasos de paredes gruesas. Forma parte de la familia de tumores originados en las células epitelioides perivasculares (PEComas), y muchos casos se asocian a esclerosis tuberosa, siendo el riñón la localización más frecuente. Presentamos un caso de AML esporádico en el paladar duro de un varón de 52 años, una localización extremadamente rara para este tumor. El diagnóstico diferencial con otras lesiones mesenquimales tanto benignas como malignas de la zona se basa en la identificación histológica de los 3 componentes, siendo de ayuda las tinciones inmunohistoquímicas. Los AMLs localizados en cabeza y cuello no expresan HMB-45, un anticuerpo que identifica melanosomas inmaduros, mientras que los renales y hepáticos sí lo hacen, lo que sugiere que existen diferencias entre ambos AMLs. El tratamiento de elección es la exéresis quirúrgica completa, ya que estos tumores suelen tener un comportamiento benigno

Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a rare, benign tumour composed of a variable proportion of lipocytes, smooth muscle and thick-walled blood vessels. AML is part of a family of tumours arising from perivascular epithelioid cells (PEComas), and many cases are associated with tuberous sclerosis, with the kidney being the most frequent site involved. We report a case of sporadic AML in the hard palate of a 52-year-old male, an extremely unusual location for this tumour. Differentiation from other benign and malignant oral mesenchymal lesions depends on recognition of the three histologic components, and immunohistochemical techniques may be helpful. AML occurring in the head and neck do not express HMB-45, an antibody that identifies immature melanosomes, conversely to the usual immunopositivity shown in AMLs from kidney and liver, suggesting that there are differences among them. A wide surgical excision is considered curative, as this tumour usually behaves in a benign fashion

Tumor pardo en la sínfisis mandibular como primera manifestación clínica de hiperparatiroidismo: diagnóstico y tratamiento / Brown tumor of the mandible as fi rst manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism: diagnosis and treatment

El tumor pardo es una de las lesiones óseas que pueden encontrarse en pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo. Pueden localizarse en cualquier hueso, afectando ocasionalmente al territorio craneo-maxilofacial. Si bien en la mayoría de los casos el diagnóstico de tumor pardo se realiza en pacientes en los que se ha diagnosticado previamente el hiperparatiroidismo, en ocasiones éste puede ser el primer signo de la enfermedad.Presentamos un caso de tumor pardo localizado en la sínfisis mandibular que fue el primer signo clínico de hiperaparatiroidismo secundario a un adenoma paratiroideo hiperfuncionante. Se revisan el diagnóstico diferencial de este tipo de lesiones y sus posibles tratamientos

Brown tumor is one of the lesions that develop in patients with hyperparathyroidism. Any of the squeletal bones can be affected including the cranio-maxillofacial ones. Most of the times the brown tumor appears after a final diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism is made. However brown tumor can be the first clinical sign of the disease.A clinical case in which a brown tumor located in the anterior part of the mandible appears as the first sign of primary hyperparathyroidism is presented. The possible differential clinical diagnosis and the recommended treatments are revised

Brown tumor of the mandible as first manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism: diagnosis and treatment.

Brown tumor is one of the lesions that develop in patients with hyperparathyroidism. Any of the skeletal bones can be affected including the cranio-maxillofacial ones. Most of the times the brown tumor appears after a final diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism is made. However brown tumor can be the first clinical sign of the disease. A clinical case in which a brown tumor located in the anterior part of the mandible appears as the first sign of primary hyperparathyroidism is presented. The possible differential clinical diagnosis and the recommended treatments are revised.

Hidroadenoma apocrino pigmentado / Pigmentes apocrine hidradenoma

El hidroadenoma apocrino es una neoplasia anexial benigna. No tiene predilección en cuanto a localización, y suele afectar a personas de edad media. Igual que en otros tumores de las glándulas sudoríparas, existe una variante pigmentada. Se presenta un caso de un varón de 92 años que consultó por una lesión asintomática en ingle derecha de crecimiento lento y 2 años de evolución. Tras el estudio histopatológico se estableció el diagnóstico de hidroadenoma apocrino pigmentado

Apocrine hidradenoma is a benign adnexal neoplasm. It has no specific site predilection, and usually affectsmiddle-aged people. The same as other tumors of the sweat glands, there is a pigmented variety. We present the case of a 92-year-old male who consulted hisphysician for a slow-growing asymptomatic lesion in the right groin which had been developing for 2 years. After the histopathologicalstudy, the diagnosis was established as pigmented apocrine hidradenoma

[Pigmented apocrine hidradenoma]. / Hidroadenoma apocrino pigmentado.

Apocrine hidradenoma is a benign adnexal neoplasm. It has no specific site predilection, and usually affects middle-aged people. The same as other tumors of the sweat glands, there is a pigmented variety. We present the case of a 92-year-old male who consulted his physician for a slow-growing asymptomatic lesion in the right groin which had been developing for 2 years. After the histopathological study, the diagnosis was established as pigmented apocrine hidradenoma.

Human Meissner corpuscles express Bcl-2 but not Bax protein.

Bcl-2 and Bax proteins play major roles in the control of apoptosis. The Bcl-2/Bax ratio is considered a marker of a cell's susceptibility to apoptotic stimuli. Immunohistochemical expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in Meissner corpuscles was investigated in 30 human skin samples. All of the Meissner corpuscles showed immunoreactivity for Bcl-2 and Bax was negative. These data support a role for Bcl-2 as a resistance mechanism of these mechanoreceptors to apoptosis.